术语“存在”的详细信息

英译术语:

existence

汉语语境:

中世纪哲学家受万物为上帝所造这一学说的影响，区分存在（“是在那里”）和本质（“是什么”）。T·阿奎那用这一区分来解释亚里士多德的本体学说，认为后者意味着本体是通过把存在赋予某一本质而产生的。只有上帝才是本质与存在的统一体，而其他事物都是从上帝初获得存在的根据。存在是有一个事物这一事实，而本质是那一事物的本性，是那一事物的偶然之“是”的必然根据。

英语语境:

Medieval philosophers, influenced by the doctrine that everything is created by God, distinguished between existence (that it is) and essence (what it is). Thomas Aquinas applied this contrast to interpret Aristotle's doctrine of substance as meaning that a substance is brought to be by conferring existence to an essence. God alone is the unity of essence and existence, while everything else has its existential ground in God. Existence is the fact that there is a thing, while essence is the nature of that thing and is the necessary ground for the contingent being of the thing.

英译术语:

being

汉语语境:

事物的一般的存在，相对于它们的本质，并且也相对于思想的反题。更特别的是，存在作为黑格尔“逻辑学”中的第一个范畴。在这个意义上，存在是纯粹的，没有任何规定，但它能被思维。存在因而相对于Dasein（有规定的存在）。因此，对黑格尔来说，关于纯存在没有什么可思考的，它便过渡到无。

英语语境:

The being of things in general is in contrast to their inner essence and also to the antithesis of thought. More specifically, being serves as the first category in Hegel’s logic. In this sense, being is pure, without any determination, although it can be thought. Being is thus in contrast to Dasein (determinate being). Since for Hegel there is nothing to think about regarding pure being, it passes into nothingness.