术语“工人自治”的详细信息

英译术语:

Workers'self-management

汉语语境:

从狭义上说，自我管理指工人直接参预各个企业的基本决策。生产资料实现了社会化（归工人团体或整个社会所有）；工人在较小的团体中直接地而在较大的团体中则通过他们在工人委员会的代表决定生产和收入分配的基本问题；技术业务管理归他们主持、监督。从广义上说，自我管理是整个经济的民主组织形式，由若干级委员会和大会构成。各个企业的主要工人委员会向整个部门和整个经济的上级机构派遣代表。在每一级上，自我管理机构是负责方针的制定、实施和相对独立的企业之间实行协调的最高权威。在最广泛的意义上，自我管理是社会主义社会在经济、政治和文化各方面的基本结构。自我管理涉及一种新的社会主义类型的民主。与议会民主相比较，它不局限于政治，而是扩及经济和文化；它强调分权管理、直接参与和为了最低限度的必要的协调而授权。

英语语境:

In a restricted sense, self-management refers to the direct involvement of workers in basic decision-making in individual enterprises. Means of production are socialized (owned by the workers'community or by the entire society). In smaller communities directly, in larger ones through their delegates in the workers'council, workers decide on basic issues of production and the distribution of income. Technical operative management is subordinated to them and controlled by them. In a more general sense self-management is a democratic form of organization of the whole economy, constituted by several levels of councils and assemblies. Central workers'councils in the enterprises send their delegates to higher level bodies of the whole branch and of the entire economy. At each level the self-management body is the highest authority responsiblefor the development and implementation of policy, and coordination among relatively autonomous enterprises. In the most general sense self-management is the basic structure of socialist society, ineconomy, politics and culture. Self-management involves a new socialist type of democracy. In contrast to parliamentary democracy it is not restricted to politics, but extends to the economy and culture; it emphasizes decentralization, direct participation and delegation of power for the purpose of a minimum of necessary coordination.