术语“贵族统治”的详细信息

英译术语:

aristocracy

汉语语境:

开始的时候，历史学家通过抓住各种特殊的社会（公元前1世纪的罗马，13世纪的佛罗伦萨，17和18世纪的法国等等）来作为“封建”贵族统治的衰落和代表新时代的“资产阶级”的兴起的例证。到后来，通过这些以及其他事例，来从任何方面（不论是从他们各自的投资方式或意识形态）区分这两个集团，如果不是不可能的话，也是有困难的。因此，当苏联的历史学家鲍里斯·波尔什涅夫得出17世纪法国资产阶级“封建化”的结论时，霍布斯鲍姆则认为19世纪的英国贵族“按照大陆的标准差不多就是资产阶级”。

英语语境:

Historians began by seizing on particular societies (Rome in the first century BC, Florence in the thirteenth century, France in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and so on), as examples of the decline of a 'feudal'aristocracy and the rise of a 'bourgeoisie', representing a new epoch. It later turned out, in these and other instances, to be difficult, if not impossible, to distinguish the two groups at any point, whether in terms of their investments or their ideology. Hence the Soviet historian Boris Porshnev came to speak of the 'feudalization'of the French bourgeoisie in the seventeenth century, while Hobsbawm (1968), wrote of the British aristocracy of the nineteenth century that it was, 'by continental standards, almost a bourgeoisie'.