术语“阶级”的详细信息

英译术语:

class

汉语语境:

阶级这一概念在马克思主义的学说中占有极其重要的地位。在某种意义上来说，阶级的概念是马克思整个学说的出发点；正是由于发现无产阶级是“现实本身的思想”，是一支从事解放斗争的新的政治力量，才直接导致马克思对近代社会的经济结构及其发展进程进行了分析。早期资本主义的阶级结构和这种社会形态的阶级斗争，就成了马克思主义历史学说的主要基准点。后来，作为历史动力的阶级冲突的概念扩大了，“到目前为止的一切社会的历史都是阶级斗争的历史”，然而马克思和恩格斯在承认阶级是资本主义社会的鲜明的特征的同时，对其他社会形态的主要阶级和阶级关系却没有作任何同样的分析。

英语语境:

The concept of class has a central importance in Marxist theory. In one sense it was the starting point of Marx's whole theory; for his discovery of the proletariat as 'the idea in the real itself', a new political force engaged in a struggle for emancipation, led him directly to an analysis of the economic structure of modern societies and its process of development. Thus it was the class structure of early capitalism, and the class struggles in this form of society, which constituted the main reference point for the Marxist theory of history. Subsequently, the idea of class conflict as the driving force of history was extended; but at the same time Marx and Engels recognized that class was a uniquely prominent feature of capitalist societies and they did not undertake any sustained analysis of the principal classes and class relations in other forms of society.