术语“结构主义”的详细信息

英译术语:

structuralism

汉语语境:

结构主义指一种研究方法，发端于语言学，扩展到文学评论、文艺社会学、美学理论、社会科学，特别是人类学，以及马克思主义，虽然它在许多学科中已有较早的前提。结构主义方法的主要特点是，它把一个“体系”，既一批事实的相互关系，而不是孤立地考察的特殊事实，作为它的研究对象；它的基本概念，在皮亚杰看来，是总体性、自我调节和转化。在人类学方面，结构主义特别和列维—斯特劳斯的著作有关，在这种形式下，它对晚近的马克思主义人类学有强烈影响。

英语语境:

Structuralism is a method of inquiry which has made its way from linguistics into literary criticism and the sociology of literature, aesthetic theory, the social sciences, especially anthropology, and Marxism, though it has earlier antecedents in a variety of disciplines. The principal feature of the structuralist method is that it takes as its object of investigation a 'system', that is, the reciprocal relations among a set of facts, rather than particular facts considered in isolation; its basic concepts according to Piaget are those of totality, self-regulation and transformation. In anthropology, structuralism is particularly associated with the work of Levi-Strauss and in this form it has had a strong influence upon recent Marxist anthropology.