术语“民粹主义”的详细信息

英译术语:

populism

汉语语境:

民粹主义是一个用于称呼形形色色的社会政治运动、国家政策和意识形态的具有多种含义的概念。我们可以有效地区分出使用这一术语的四种主要含义：第一，民粹主义是指19世纪最后20年期间向北美南部和西部农业地区出现的激进运动。第二，是俄国的民粹主义，它与马克思、马克思主义和马克思主义运动中的争论密切相关。第三，民粹主义一词是指拉美一些国家的意识形态，在这些国家中，民粹主义是弱小的本地资产阶级用以同各从属阶级结成反农业寡头联盟的政治战略，其条件是为促进工业化而不让这些从属阶级发挥独立的作用。最后，民粹主义是指一种国家意识形态，但却是一种信奉类似于俄国民粹派的关于社会和民族发展观点的意识形态。

英语语境:

Populism is used to label rather diverse social and political movements, state policies and ideologies. We can usefully distinguish four principal contexts in which the term has been used. Populism refers, first, to radical North American movements in the rural south and west that arose during the last two decades of the nineteenth century; then there is Russian populism which wasclosely involved in a debate with Marx, Marxism and Marxist movements; the third context in which the term populism has been deployed is that of state ideologies in countries of Latin America, where it is a political strategy employed by weak indigenous bourgeoisies to forge an alliance with subordinate classes against agrarian oligarchies, on terms that do not give an independent weight to the subordinate classes that are brought into play, in order to promote industrialization; finally we might consider a case where populism refers to a state ideology, but one which espouses a vision of society and national development which resembles that of the Russian populists.