术语“资本主义”的详细信息

英译术语:

capitalism

汉语语境:

资本主义一词是指一种生产方式；在这种生产方式中，以其各种形态出现的资本是主要的生产资料。资本可以表现为用于购买劳动力和生产材料的货币和信贷；也可以表现为有形的机器（狭义上的资本）；或表现为成品、半成品的存货。无论采取什么形式，它总是某个阶级——不顾人民大众的资产阶级——所掌控的私人拥有的资本；而这正是作为一种生产方式的资本主义的主要特征。正如托尼和多布曾指出的，非马克思主义的经济学派很少使用“资本主义”这个词。但即使在马克思的著作中，这一词也用得很晚。

英语语境:

Capitalism is a term denoting a mode of production in which capital in its various forms is theprincipal means of production. Capital can take the form of money or credit for the purchase oflabour power and materials of production; of physical machinery (capital in the narrow sense); or of stocks of finished goods or work in progress. Whatever the form, it is the private ownership of capital in the hands of a class - the class of capitalists to the exclusion of the mass of the population - which is a central feature of capitalism as a mode of production. The word ‘capitalism'is rarely used by non-Marxist schools of economics, as Tawney and Dobb were to point out. But even in Marxist writings it is a late arrival.