术语“五常”的详细信息

英译术语:

Five Constant Virtues

汉语语境:

汉代之前古人就探讨过“五常”的概念，即所谓君臣、父子、兄弟、夫妇、朋友五种人伦关系。时至汉代，董仲舒按照他的阳尊阴卑理论，对五伦观念作了进一步的发挥。他认为，在人伦关系中，君臣、父子、夫妻三种关系是最主要的：君为主、臣为从；父为主，子为从；夫为主，妻为从。君、父、夫体现了天的“阳”面，臣、子、妻体现了天的“阴”面。这也是封建礼教的核心道德准则之一。

英语语境:

Before the Han Dynasty, there had already been some accounts about the Five Constant Virtues, which resides in the five forms of relations, namely, that between the sovereign and the subject, between father and son, between husband and wife, between brothers, and between friends. Dong Zhongshu of the Han Dynasty laid special emphasis on the first three and developed his own doctrine of the Three Guides: the sovereign is the guide of his subjects; the father is the guide of his sons; the husband is the guide of his wife. Dong maintained that sovereign, father, and husband embody yang while their counterparts embody yin. The Three Guides were deemed as the feudal ethical principles for society and individuals.