术语“形名”的详细信息

英译术语:

forms and names

汉语语境:

许多古代思想家，如庄子、尹文、公孙龙等，都讨论过形名二者的关系。他们认为实体和概念应该具有一致性。法家学派以“权，术，势”逐级统治为根本，建立了名为法制、实为人治的封建规章体系。《韩非子》第七章中讲到，“‘为君’之道的根本是抓住‘名’， 按官员官职爵位大小来考核他的政绩；按照名称来考察实际内容，要求名实相符”。

英语语境:

Many early philosophers, such as Master Zhuang, Yin Wen, Gongsun Long, all discussed the relationship between forms and names. They maintained that a name should correspond to what it marks. The Legalist School explained the term in the sense of politics and law, and referred "names” by extension to laws, words or official ranks. So the 7th chapter or the The Book of Master Han Fei reads, "When a ruler wants to prevent wickedness, he should examine the correspondence between actualities and names, and he should award offices according to their responsibilities and hold actualities according to their names”.