术语“八忌”的详细信息

英译术语:

eight avoidances (in calligraphy)

汉语语境:

书法应当避讳的八种弊端。清代冯武《书法正传》云：“复有八忌，切意精研：枯槁生硬，轻重缠绵，内外是纵，左右非坚。枯槁则无润泽；生硬则非软美；轻重则失典；缠绵则不莹；内纵者腹肚阔；外纵进手脚不停分而长；左为左揭腕；右为右揭腕，皆不可无力。”强调用墨宜润泽不可枯稿，枯稿则字无神采；用笔宜柔劲而不宜生硬，生硬则字不生动；粗不为重，细不为轻，轻重适中，秾纤合度则典雅不俗。

英语语境:

Eight malpractices should be prevented in calligraphy. Feng Wu, a calligrapher in Qing dynasty, said in his masterpiece The Biography of Calligraphy that there are also eight avoidances that all calligraphers should keep in mind: dry brushwork, rigid brushwork, a heavy stroke that ought to be light, lingering handwriting, a vertical stroke inside or outside the framework, a powerless horizontal stroke leftward or rightward. If brushwork is dry, it would not cause a smooth appearance. Likewise, a rigid one would not give people a soft impression; a heavy stroke that ought to be light violates the calligraphy convention, and lingering handwriting would be vague. A character would expand laterally due to a vertical stroke inside the frame, and would elongate longitudinally because of the outside one. Rotate the wrist and make a powerful stroke during handwriting. In his words, Feng Wu emphasized the essentials in calligraphy that brushwork should be smooth, not dry. Otherwise, the characters would lose its spirit; one should write with flexibility instead of rigidity, since rigid brushwork makes the character less vivid. Balancing between light and heavy stroke would accord with the convention and remain classical.