术语“诸宫调”的详细信息

英译术语:

Zhu Gong Diao

汉语语境:

诸宫调兴起于北宋中叶，“靖康之乱”后分为南北两个系统，并都有长足的发展。元代初期是诸宫调的兴盛期，涌现出不少的专业艺人和作品。元贞以后，元杂剧兴盛，诸宫调渐渐衰落。诸宫调作为一种独立文体的含义在于：它是叙事性文学，有着成熟稳定的音乐体制。这不但有留存至今的诸宫调作品可证，而且认定诸宫调是独立文体也是自王国维以降学者们的一般共识。诸宫调曲子的组合方式即：一曲独用、一曲带尾、多曲带尾对北曲套数体制发生形成的孕育意义。

英语语境:

Zhu Gong Diao emerged in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, and had developed into southern and northern systems since Jingkang Calamity. It had reached its prosperity in the early Yuan Dynasty after a long time of development, when lots of professional artisans and works came forth. As Yuan Drama rose, Zhu Gong Diao began to decline since the Yuanzhen Era. As an independent literary form, Zhu Gong Diao is a kind of narrative literature, which has a mature and stable musical system. This opinion can be proved by extant works and is unanimous with most scholars, dating back to Wang Guowei. The formative patterns of Zhu Gong Diao, which include ‘a unique song', ‘a song with an epilogue'and ‘many songs with an epilogue', have a preparatory influence on the formation of Beiqu's system.

英译术语:

multiple tunes

汉语语境:

从讲唱文学这一样式来看, 诸宫调与唐代变文是一脉相承的；而从音乐体制来看, 诸宫调与曲子词则是“ 血肉相连”。 诸宫调基本上是将曲子词直接“ 搬进”自己的结构体制中来 演唱, 或者说, 宋金诸宫调所“唱”的部分就是曲子词的有机组合。因此而言, 曲子词对诸宫调 的影响是直接的、巨大的。词乐亡于元初，文学方面的原因是金之诸宫调、元之杂剧散曲符合北人的口味, 故自然取代“ 曲子词” 。

英语语境:

Zhugongdiao (the multiple tunes) follows the same tradition of the transformed writings of the Tang Dynasty. They both belong to the genre of story-telling literature. Considered from the perspective of musical system, however, it is linked to quzici (ci poems composed to the set tunes) in a flesh-and-blood way. Almost all zhugongdiao directly "transfers quzici to its own structural system to be sung, or rather, the parts to be sung in zhugongdiao are an assemblage of quzici. Therefore, the latter has a direct and tremendous impact on the former. The music of ci poetry died out in early Yuan Dynasty, and the literary reason is that the multiple tunes of the Jin Dynasty, and the zaju (poetic dramas set to music) and sanqu (verses with tonal patterns modelled on folk tunes) appealed more to the Northerners, thus the replacement of "quzici , ” ci poems composed to the set tunes.