术语“阴刻”的详细信息

英译术语:

wood engraving

汉语语境:

传统版画在明代发展到了鼎盛时期。在极度繁荣的明代木刻版画中，除了细致工整的阳刻版画外，还出现了大刀阔斧、活泼明快、黑白相衬的阴刻版画；中后期在许多文人和画家的参与下，又出现了套色版画、十书斋水印版画和大型活版画报功图。这本身就是对传统木刻版画的创新。当然，技法的创新是以观念的创新为基础的。明前期，统治者为了加强统治，宣扬教化，提倡版刻业，这时木刻版画在前代的基础上，做工更加精细。在图式上较前代也有较大突破。中后期吏治腐败、官场黑暗，大批文人感到仕途无望，对“学而优则仕”的观念开始质疑。

英语语境:

Traditional printing of woodcut developed to its heyday in Ming Dynasty. In the flourishing period of woodcut printing, beside the meticulous and neat rilievi painting, there appeared many wood engraving painting which were bold and resolute, vivacious and bold, chequered with balck and white. In mid-late Ming Dynasty, overlapping painting, watermark and large-scale movable painting were produced. This is an innovation of traditional woodcut painting. Of course, the innovation of feat was based on the innovation of concept. In the early Ming Dynasty, the dynasts promoted the development of woodcut painting in order to reinforce their rule over the people. The woodcut painting at this time was more exquisite than the former dynasties. In the mid-late period, the official corruption and officialdom disappointed the literati, and they started to introspected their idea of “studying for being officials”.