术语“保甲制度”的详细信息

英译术语:

Neighborhood Administrative System

汉语语境:

清末民初，“国权不下县”的状态被打破，国家权力开始向乡村社会下沉，中央政权通过建立区乡制度、重建保甲制度以及通过国家法和民间法的博弈攫取乡村社会的统治权，对乡村社会进行官治。

英语语境:

During the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, state power began to sink into the rural community. The central government established several districts and neighborhood administrative systems in order to control the rural communities through local officials.

英译术语:

Baojia System

汉语语境:

针对20年代末30年代初全面推行地方自治出现的弊病，南京国民政府于30年代中前期相应地对地方自治进程作了富有弹性的规定，将保甲制度纳入地方自治之中并大力推行县政改革。保甲纳于自治，国民政府似乎从事实上避免了在基层推行两套政治制度的矛盾冲突，在形式上又给传统的旨在加强基层社会控制的保甲制度披上民主自治的外衣，看似一种完美的制度创新，实则使地方自治开始实行初期的一些民主自治思想遭到极大损害，更加败坏了自治名声。

英语语境:

In connection with the malpractice in implementing local autonomy by the end of the 1920\' s and the beginning of the 1930\' s, the Nanjing National Government accordingly regulated its progress, and included the baojia system into the local autonomy and carried out county governance reform. To include the baojia system into the local autonomy seemed a perfect system innovation in that the national government avoided contradiction and conflict in carrying out two political systems at grass root level in reality, and in form made the baojia system look democratic and autonomic, which was traditionally to enforce control of grass root society. Actually, some democratic and autonomic ideas of the early stage of the autonomy were undermined and the reputation of the autonomy was debased.