术语“保民官”的详细信息

英译术语:

Tribuni Plebis

汉语语境:

所有中国与西方的政制区别根源在积习已久的古代。古罗马政制的特点是国王和元老来自三个而不是一个特权皇族部落。王权自古软弱，从未形成金字塔似的朝廷机构。民间长期存在独立自治组织，阶级斗争曾一度盛行，其形式是非暴力不合作而不是血腥革命。共和国设置多个议会和并列官职分享国家最高权力。双监察官地位显赫。保民官不仅不是朝廷命官，反而是为保护平民利益专门监督和对抗各级官吏的。法律不能由贵族政府单方面制订，而平民法却可以兼具国法效力。

英语语境:

All political differences between China and the West derived from their underlying distinctions in the ancient constitutions. In ancient Rome, the kings and senators came from three tribes, not a privileged one. The kingship was weak and Romans never established a royal institution like a pyramid. There existed some independent autonomous civil organizations for a long time in the society, and the plebeians struggled against patricians with nonviolent and uncooperative actions like “secessions“ rather than bloody revolutions. The republic set up diversified councils and coordinate offices sharing the state's supreme power for “checks and balances“. The dual censors were top officials. The tribuni plebis were not appointed by the Senate; on the contrary, their main responsibilities were to safeguard the interests of the plebeians and fend off Roman official encroachments. The patricians government could not set up any laws unilaterally; however, the plebeian laws could also be national laws.