术语“宗法制度”的详细信息

英译术语:

nepotistic system

汉语语境:

西周时期宗法制度制约君臣关系，君臣之间由于宗法、分封的实行，而存在着天然的隶属关系。西周时期的君臣隶属关系通过分封策命来确立、稳固，基本不存在“委质为臣”的情况。春秋时期，宗法关系开始松弛，君臣间的天然隶属关系松动、解体。这一时期“盟”与“誓”相结合，君臣间借助“盟誓”来确定君臣隶属，“委质为臣”的现象才大量出现。

英语语境:

Because of the execution of the nepotistic system of power of the imperial clan and “fenfengzhi”, the rulers and the courtiers have the natural subordinate relations. They establish and consolidate the subordinate relations through “fenfengzhi”. Basically the phenomenon “Weizhiweichen” doesn't exist in the Western Zhou Dynasty. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the patriarfeudual relations start to relax, and the natural subordination relations between the rulers and the courtiers become less strict and come to be disintegrating. In this period, “the pledge” and “the oath” become unified together. The rulers and the courtiers establish the subordinate relations through “the treaty of alliance”. The phenomenon of “Weizhiweichen” only appears at that time in great numers.

英译术语:

patriarchal clan system

汉语语境:

我国各少数民族古近代社会存在的宗法制度，既有族权、父权、夫权、神权等各民族共有的内容，也有在具体历史条件下形成的本民族的特点。我国少数民族宗法制度的不同民族特点，表现在宗族和家族制度与地域组织结合的不同形态、女性在宗族家族中的地位及其不同表现形态、一夫多妻制和一妻多夫制的不同存在形态、多种形态的继承制度及其性质等四个方面。

英语语境:

The patriarchal clan system existed in the society of ethnic minority groups in China in neoteric times. It contained not only the clan authority, the fatherhood, the authority of the husband and divinity, which all the ethnic groups shared, but also some features specific to each ethnic group, which were formed in particular historical conditions. The different ethnic characteristics of the ethnic minority groups’ patriarchal clan system may be observed in the following four aspects: a) different forms of the combination of the clan or family system and the regional organizations; b) the position of the female in the clan and different modality; 3) one husband with some wives or one wife with some husbands, and their forms of existence; and d) different inheritance systems and their nature.