术语“总兵”的详细信息

英译术语:

commander-in-chief (或commander)

汉语语境:

晋北的雁门、宁武、偏头三关一带在明代属边关要地。明中后期，大同总兵在边关地区大肆伐木，引发了山西巡抚与大同总兵之间多次的伐木纠纷。纠纷显示，明初三关一带森林广布，较大的树木多是全新世温暖期森林的遗存，森林和地形结合构成天然军事防御体系是抵御北方游牧骑兵的屏障，但却无资料显示明代人已认识到生态保护的价值。

英语语境:

The three districts —Yanmen, Ningwu and Piantou —were important border regions in the Ming Dynasty. In the middle and later Ming Dynasty, the commander-in-chief of Datong cut down a lot of trees in the border regions, triggering repeated logging disputes between the provincial governor of Shanxi and the commander-in-chief of Datong. The disputes showed that there were extensive forests with larger trees remaining in existence since the Holocene Warm Period, and that the combination of forestry and topography was a natural military defense system, which could help withstand the nomadic cavalry from the north. Yet no data displayed that people in the Ming Dynasty were aware of ecological protection.