术语“包首”的详细信息

英译术语:

head warp (bao shou)

汉语语境:

宋人尚风雅、嗜书画，多种锦和刻丝被装裱为书画包首。周密所著的《齐东野语•绍兴御府书画式》和陶宗仪（号南村）所著的《南村辍耕录•书画裸轴》是关于南宋包首锦和刻丝的重要文献。其中，前者更可信，所记包首丝绸与书画等级有对应关系，可为识别提供信息。后者虽所记名称更多，但很可能混杂了舆服锦、官告锦褾。传世宋包首刻丝的时代复杂，“紫鸾鹊”图案称谓借用的是锦名，“紫天鹿”的制作年代或在金元，命名则由“紫鸾鹊”衍生。有些作品在元明时期被替换下来当做欣赏品，又有部分作品晚到明清方用为包首。

英语语境:

The Song (960-1279) people were well-known for their literate pursuits and passion for painting and calligraphy. In the Song dynasty painting and calligraphy scrolls were usually backed with various kinds of brocade or kesi silk tapestries at the beginning of the scroll known as the “head warp” (bao shou). The Imperially Endorsed Style of Painting and Calligraphy of the Shaoxing Reign (Shaoxing yufu shuhua shi) by Zhou Mi and the Nancun's Records of Retirement to the Countryside (Nancun chuogeng lu) by Tao Zongyi (sobriquet Nancun) were two important publications in the Southern Song period (1127-1279) on the “head wrap” materials, among which the former was more reliable for it featured the relation of the silk material with the rank of the art, which helped to identify either the art or the fabric. Although Nancun's Records of Retirement to the Countryside included a large number of fabric name entries, some of them were highly likely fabrics for other uses. But extant so-called “Song Dynasty” kesi tapestries for the “head wrap” were anachronic. For example, the pattern name “purple phoenix and magpie” (zi luanque) was a loanword from brocade name. The “purple heavenly deer” (zi tianlu) was probably a textile production of the Jurchen Jin (1115-1234) or Yuan (1271-1368) dynasty, while its name may derive from “purple heavenly deer”. Some of the silk fabrics were separated from the scroll and re-mounted as pure art for appreciation, some others were adopted as “head wrap” material as late as the Ming and Qing Dynasties.