术语“舂具”的详细信息

英译术语:

pounder

汉语语境:

根据考古学家的研究，使我们知道大约在距今一万年以前，人类已经成功地驯养动物了。同时也学会了利用动物的乳汁，学会役使动物，减轻人们在生产活动中的体力劳动。到了新石器时代，可以说几乎我们最熟悉的家禽和家畜，以及家蚕都已驯养成功并加以利用了。狗和猪是最早驯化的家畜、稍后是羊和牛、再就是马、驴、骆驼和家禽。八十年代初，在和县西晋太康九年墓中，出土有牛、羊、舂具、水罐等器物，并出土磨盘一件。磨盘圆饼形，咬合面上有齿槽纹，上扇盖纽已残，有三个小圆孔，底扇正中有一泥突与盖孔相连，直径11，高3.2厘米。这匹牛，就是卧于磨盘旁边，看来是用于拉磨的。

英语语境:

According to the researches by archaeologists, it is known that nearly ten thousand years ago, mankind had succeeded in domesticating animals, learning how to make use of animals'milk and how to make animals working for them in order to alleviate people's physical labor in the production activities. In the Neolithic Age, nearly all the poultry, livestock and silkworm which are familiar to us now had been successfully domesticated and put into use. Dogs and pigs were the earliest domesticated livestock, followed by sheep, cows, horses, donkeys, camels and poultry. In the early 1980s, archaeologists unearthed some objects like cattle, sheep, pounders, aquamaniles and a millstone from a tomb of the ninth year of Taikang (A.D.280), Western Jin Dynasty in Hexian county. The millstone looked like a round pie, with tooth groove on the occlusal surface. The upper fan cover had been broken and there were three little round holes in it. In the middle of the lower fan stood an earthen thrust connecting to the hole of the cover with a diameter of 11cm and a height of 3.2cm. The cattle lay next to the millstone, was likely used for grinding.