术语“等距原则”的详细信息

英译术语:

principle of equidistance

汉语语境:

分类学是指具有等级特征的分类和类型学，也就是说该系统中的基本单位要么聚合成较大或包容更多的单位，或者（比较少见）分成较小的单位。这种操作在生物学分类中是如此普遍，以致于被认为是基本的特征，确实生物学家常常可互换地使用“分类”和“分类学” 这两个术语。但是，在考古学中绝大部分器物分类并没有等级的维度。而且，如果存在等级，几乎总是一种次级特征，即在类型确定之后，对这些类型再做区分。一 般来说，考古学分类法只是一种“种类的分类”。通常，这是在类型之间指示关系的一种做法，由于类型等距原则，在一种基本或单一层次的类型学上有些事是无法做到的。

英语语境:

Taxonomy is the classification and typology with hierarchical characteristics, which means that the basic unit of the system polymerizes into larger unit, or contains more units, or (relatively rare) separates into smaller units. The operation is so general in biological classification that it is considered as the basic feature. Definitely, biologists always use the two terms“classification” and “taxonomy” interchangeably. However, in archaeology, most of classifications of artifacts are lack of hierarchical dimensions. Moreover, if the hierarchy exists, it always shows the secondary characteristics, that is, a further classification of the types determined earlier. In general, taxonomy of archaeology is one kind of classification of classes. It is usually one way to indicate relationship between types. It is unable to classify all objects with a basic or a single hierarchical typology due to the principle of equidistance.