术语“轭”的详细信息

英译术语:

yoke

汉语语境:

在古典时代，欧亚大陆（无论东方还是西方）马车的最基本型式是：两轮，独辕，辕的后端与车舆和轮轴结合在一起，辕的前端横置车衡，衡的两侧各缚系一个人字形的轭。学界普遍认为，其系驾方式是将人字形的轭斜叉于马肩胛之前的颈部，再用一条颈带绕过马脖，其两端勾挂于人字形轭向外翻卷的两个脚钩上，这样就将马匹套束于车上，马匹前行，即带动车子前进。在此结构中，辕、衡、轭三者构成了主动的马匹和受动的轮舆之间的中介传导系统。20世纪30年代以来考古发现的众多商周马车遗迹，其结构几乎无不合乎这种系驾方式。

英语语境:

The medieval horse-drawn carts in Eurasia (either in the Orient or in the western countries) were basically with the same structural units: two wheels plus one shaft. The rear-end of the shaft was joined by carriage and axle; at the fore-end of the shaft there was a horizontal shaft crossbar, on either side of which tied up a lambdoidal yoke. In the academic world, it's widely assumed that the installation modes of the cart included the following steps: first put the lambdoidal yoke on the side of the neck that was in front of the horse's shoulder; then surrounded the horse's neck by a neckband, whose two ends were tied to the two outward curled fasteners of the lambdoidal yoke; finally, the horse was tightly bound to the cart so as to pulled the cart when the horse moved forward. As to this installation mode, the shaft, crossbar and yoke constructed one intermediate transmission system between the driving horse and the driven carriage. Judging from large quantities of Shang and Zhou dynasties cart relics that have found since the 1930s, all of them followed the above installation mode.