术语“花石”的详细信息

英译术语:

porphyry

汉语语境:

胆铜法是湿法炼铜的一种，中国有关胆铜的记载，最早见于战国人所著《神农本草经》。其后西汉刘安、东晋葛洪、唐梅彪等在其著作中均有论述。据李仲均和李庆元两位学者考证，胆水“浸铜法”用于生产，至迟始于唐末和五代初，其历史悠久是举世闻名的。西方学者研究中国古代化学、化工史者，对中国发明的胆铜法炼铜有比较详细的评述，特别对宋代江西德兴胆铜产量之高颇为惊奇，但究其原由则不甚了了。李仲均和李庆元两位学者考证在中国的两宋(1094～1275年)期间，江西一带的年降雨量十分丰富，因而有极充足的水供生产胆铜之用；其次是德兴一带的花石铜矿分布广而贫，正适合于采炼。

英语语境:

Vitriol copper production was one of the hydrometallurgical processes for copper extraction. The earliest record of such production can be found in the Shennong Scriptures of Materia Medica written in the Warring States period. Relevant descriptions can also be found in other books such as those compiled by Liu An during the Western Han Dynasty; Ge Hong, the Eastern Jin Dynasty; Mei Biao, the Tang Dynasty, etc. Nevertheless, according to the Li Zhongjun and Li Qingyuan's textural research, copper leaching process by vitriol solution can be dated, at the latest, back to the late Tang Dynasty or the early Five Dynasties (907-960). Its long history of production has been well-known throughout the world. Western scientists who studied the history of chemistry and chemical engineering in ancient China already gave a rather detailed review of vitriol copper process invented by ancient Chinese, and were somehow surprised at its high yield, especially at Dexing copper ore deposit, Jiangxi Province during Song Dynasty. But such review was lacking in any explanation of its development background. To Li Zhongjun and Li Qingyuan's reseach, the high hydrometallurgical production of copper in the area of Jiangxi during Song Dynasty (1094-1275) can be attributed to the high rates of annual precipitation during that period which provided enough water for vitriol copper production, and the wide distribution of low-grade porphyry copper ore deposits in the region around Dexing.