术语“流刑地”的详细信息

英译术语:

presidio

汉语语境:

位于黑龙江省的海林和宁安市的宁古塔是清代东北地区最著名的流刑地。300多年前的宁古塔尚未开化，气候严寒，人烟稀少，号称“荒徼”。据史料，仅在清初顺治年间，因科场案、浙东通海案及文字狱等被流放到宁古塔的就有数千人。更有无数不知姓名的流人永远地留在了宁古塔，再也没有回去。据统计，清代的东北流人总数在150万以上。

英语语境:

Ningguta area, located in Hailin city and Ning'an city of Heilongjiang Province, was the most famous presidio in the northeast region of the Qing Dynasty. Over three hundred years ago, Ningguta was not civilized yet. It was known as the“Huang Jiao”(deserted and remote area) because of the cold weather and sparse population. According to the historical data, during Emperor Shunzhi's reign in the early Qing Dynasty, thousands of people were exiled to Ningguta due to the Ding You exam case, the collusion with maritime resistance case (Tonghai case)in eastern Zhejiang Province,  the literary inquisition case and so on. More numerous unnamed exiles remained in the Ningguta for a lifetime, and never went back. According to the statistics, the total number of exiles reached over 1.5 million in the northeast of China during Qing Dynasty.