术语“木炭”的详细信息

英译术语:

charcoal

汉语语境:

内蒙古赤峰市大山前遗址属于中国北方青铜时代早期文化遗存，出土了大量夏家店下层文化遗物，其年代为2000B。C。～1500 B。C。考古学者借助电子显微镜对大山前第一地点 1996年发掘区中部的探方T406内F8H1灰坑出土的木炭碎块进行了种属鉴定，并对出土的不同树种的木炭碎块进行分类和称量，从而推知青铜时代早期的植被情况。结果表明，当时的地带性植被为油松林和蒙古栎林，生态气候为温湿类型，同时也存在着气候暖干波动现象。H1出土的油松木炭可能绝大多数属于薪炭遗存。

英语语境:

The Dashanqian site in Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, is the remains of early Bronze Age, which belongs to Xiajiadian (lower layer) culture (2000B.C.～1500B.C.). Archaeologists studied on the structure of wood charcoal fragments which were collected from F8H1 in T406 at the middle of the excavated areas in 1996 by means of a scanning electron microscope. The charcoal fragments were classified and weighed separately according to different species to recover the vegetation in early Bronze Age. The result showed that the zone vegetations were forests of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. and Quercus mongolica Fisch. et Turcz. The climate was warm and humid and with warm-dry fluctuations. It was inferred that the majority of charcoal fragments of Pinus tabulaeformis in H1 were the results of being used as fuel.

英译术语:

char

汉语语境:

鄂尔多斯高原拥有我国最早发现的水洞沟和萨拉乌苏旧石器遗址，是系统研究东亚现代人演化及动因的重要地区。乌兰木伦遗址位于鄂尔多斯康巴什新区乌兰木伦河岸，发掘出大量石制品、动物化石和炭屑，遗存埋藏的14C年代在41.4~33.1 cal ka BP之间，属MIS 3阶段中期。花粉和木炭化石记录显示，早期为灌丛-草原，晚期为典型草原植被，气候温凉偏干，较现今相对温暖湿润，胡颓子属和霸王属等小乔木和灌木作为先民使用的薪材。

英语语境:

The Ordos Plateau shows the famous Salawusu and Shuidonggou Paleolithic sites discovered firstly in China is the key area for studying human evolution in eastern Asia. The Wulanmulun site is located at the bank of the Wulanmulun River in the Kangbashi New District of Ordos city. Many stone artifacts, mammalian fossils, and charred woods are obtained from the site. The 14C ages of the remains are 41. 4~33. 1 cal ka BP corresponding to the MIS 3 period. The evidence from pollen and char fossils indicates that the shrub-steppe appeared in the early period and the typical steppe grew in the late period. The climate was dry and cool but warmer and wetter than that of today. Shrubs and small trees such as Elaeagnus and Zygophyllum were used as fuel wood by ancient people.

英译术语:

xylanthrax

汉语语境:

1972年，在湖南马王堆汉墓发现一具埋藏地下二千多年而不腐的女尸，属世界罕见的奇迹，是中国两千多年前使用木炭杰作。考古学家、地质学家认为是由墓葬条件决定的。一些学者采用X射线粉晶衍射、高分辨电镜研究了马王堆汉墓木炭微结构，认为马王堆木炭并非单一的非晶态碳，至少有非晶态碳物相和类石墨结构相。

英语语境:

A fresh women corpse was found at Mawangdui Han-dynasty Tomb in Hunan province in 1972. It was a marvel that the corpse was kept fresh for about two thousand years with the application of xylanthrax. Archaeologists and geologists proposed that it was resulted from burial and geological conditions. The xylanthrax in Mawangdui Han-dynasty Tomb was measured with the high-resolution transmission electron microscope and the X-ray diffractometer. The xylanthrax in Mawangdui was not pure amorphous carbon, but contained at least two kinds of carbon structure: amorphous carbon and graphite-like carbon.