术语“泥封”的详细信息

英译术语:

clay sealing

汉语语境:

封泥，又称为“泥封”，是古人封缄文书、信件或者货物时用在封口处的抑印有玺印的泥团，是印章早期使用的遗存。封泥在战国时期开始兴起，到秦汉时期达到了鼎盛，而随着纸的改进和广泛使用渐渐地退出历史舞台，完成了封泥时代的使命。从清末被发现一直到今天，封泥始终受到金石学家、收藏家们的关注，成为补充历史、研究秦汉时期各种制度和研究秦汉印学、书法的绝好材料，是继甲骨文、金文、简牍文字之后文字学史上的又一重大发现。秦封泥是封泥的重要组成部分，古代文献中秦封泥的著录较少。自 1997 年以来，秦封泥的大量发现和出土为秦封泥的研究提供了坚实的基础。

英语语境:

Clay sealing, also called “sealing clay”, was a kind of mud with characters printed by seal that was applied to ancient documents, letters or goods in order to keep secret. It was the relics of seal in the early period. During the Warring States period, the clay sealing began to appear, and then during Qin and Han dynasties, it reached its peak. With paper being improved and widely used, it completed the mission of clay era and gradually disappeared from the stage of history. Since the late Qing dynasty, clay sealing had drawn attention by epigraphy scholars and collectors, because it provided evidences for researches on history of Qin and Han dynasties and other related issues. Sealing clay was the most important discovery after the appearance of inscriptions on bones or tortoise, bronze inscriptions and characters on bamboo slips in the history of writing. Qin sealing clay was an important part of clay, but in ancient literature it had been seldom recorded. Since 1997, a great number of clay sealing in Qin dynasty were unearthed and discovered, which supplied a solid base for the research of clay sealing in Qin dynasty.

英译术语:

clay impression

汉语语境:

中国最早防止公文泄密的手法是使用泥封技术，这项保密技术也可以说是世界上最早的防伪包装技术。所谓“泥封”, 就是使用一种叫“封泥”的材料，对重要文档进行密封包装的方式。泥封兴于先秦时期，到两汉时广为流行。当时不论是公函还是私人书信，大多写在竹简、木牍一类的“纸板”上。简牍在现代考古中多有出土，如湖北云梦睡虎地四号秦墓出土的两封中国现存最早的信件，便是写在木牍上。魏、晋以后，随着纸张的普及和应用，泥封保密手段成为历史，古人进而研制出了密封效果更好的“火漆”。

英语语境:

The earliest Chinese technique that was used to prevent documents from being divulged secrets was the application of clay impression which also can be called the world's oldest technology of anti-counterfeiting packaging. The so-called"clay impression”, was to use a material called"sealing clay”, to seal packing of important documents. Clay impression arose in the pre-Qin period, and in the Han dynasty it became popular. At that time, both public letters and private letters, were mainly written on bamboo slips, or wooden"boards”. A lot of slips had been unearthed in modern archaeology. For example, in Hubei No. 4 Yunmeng Sleeping Tiger tomb, two of China's earliest existing letters were unearthed, which were written in the book of wooden dozen. Since the Wei and Jin dynasties, with the popularization and application of the paper, the confidential means of clay impression had become a thing of the past. The ancient people, in turn, had developed a better seal, "seal Wax”, also called"seal paint”.