术语“软玉”的详细信息

英译术语:

nephrite

汉语语境:

中国的青铜冶铸一枝独秀，以致掩盖了其他金属工艺，如金银器、捶揲工艺和失腊法。这一点中西方存在差异。中国所谓“金石”，金中最爱青铜，石中最爱软玉。中国理解的“宝”主要是宝贝和软玉，这和西方理解的“宝物”大不一样。西方更爱黄金、白银和宝石。中国的金银器和欧亚草原、中亚、近东是什么关系，值得长期探讨。其中，裂瓣纹银豆的出现是一个不可多得的线索。

英语语境:

Among the metalwork techniques of China, the unique bronze casting was so developed that it outshined other metalwork techniques, such as gold and silverwork, hammering (repoussé) and lost-wax (cire perdue). On this point, the views of the people in China and the West were different. Among the so-called “treasures” in China, the favorite metal was bronze and the favorite non-metals were cowry and nephrite. These were sharply different from the view of the Western people, whose favorites were gold, silver and gemstones. It has been an issue worthy of further discussion and exploration that what relationships the gold and silver wares had with the Eurasia Steppes, the Central Asia and the Near East. The excavation of the silver multi-lobed dou-stemmed bowl is a valuable clue.

英译术语:

green stone

汉语语境:

由于缺乏宝石资源，中国传统文化通常用软玉替代宝石作为装饰。唐代又将缅甸翡翠引入中国。随着佛教的传入，印度宝石开始对中国文化产生重要影响。蒙元帝国开启了中外文化交流的又一个黄金时代。随着中东、中亚穆斯林大举东迁黄河、长江流域，西方宝石及阿拉伯宝石学开始在中国流行。明代朝贡贸易将中外文化交流推向又一巅峰。湖北钟祥明代梁庄王墓出土了数以千计的金银珠宝，不仅有世界四大名宝（金绿宝石、祖母绿、蓝宝石、红宝石），而且包括波斯出产的尼沙普尔绿松石。

英语语境:

Green stone had been vastly accepted by Chinese traditional culture for jewelry manufacturing rather than gems due to the rare gemstone mines in ancient China. In Tang dynasty, jadeite was imported from Burma. Then under the influence of Buddhism, the Indian gemstone became very popular in China and had exerted a strong influence on Chinese culture. The Yuan dynasty was a golden age for Sino-Foreign Cultural Exchanges. With lots of Muslim people migrating from the Middle East and Central Asia and settling into both Yellow and Yangtze River Basins, western gems and Arab Gemology therefore were introduced into China and commonly accepted by the ancient Chinese. During Ming dynasty the tribute trade was in prosperity and the trade of gems reached another peak, which can be demonstrated by over thousand pieces of foreign gems and jewelry from the Liangzhuang King Tomb in Zhongxiang city, Hubei province. Among them there were not only the four famous gemstone (i. e. , opals, emeralds, sapphires and rubies), but also the Nishapur turquoise gems imported from Persia.