术语“文具”的详细信息

英译术语:

writing materials

汉语语境:

笔、墨、纸、砚是最主要的文书用具，关于它们的起源，文献记载中多说并行，难有定论。通过对考古资料的分析，有助于重新诠释笔、墨、纸、砚的起源。文具中笔、墨、纸、砚的出现时间并不完全同步，普遍经历了一个漫长的演进过程。

英语语境:

Writing brush, ink stick, paper and ink stone are the main writing materials. It is hard to determine their origin because historical documents have different views. However, it is helpful to reinterpret the origin of writing brush, ink stick, paper and ink stone by analyzing archaeological materials. The emerging time of writing brush, ink stick, paper and ink stone was not completely synchronous, but one similarity the four writing materials shared was that all of them generally went through a long evolutionary process.

英译术语:

stationary

汉语语境:

久负盛名的吐峪沟石窟，一千多年来，由于自然和人为的破坏，昔日的辉煌早已褪去了光泽。由于配合丝路申遗保护工程，从2010年该石窟遗址被重新进行发掘，并且有了意外且惊人的发现：新发现了两座保存有壁画的中心柱窟；清理出许多重要的窟前遗迹；出土了大量的多种语言文字的文书残片，还有绢画、木器、石器、陶器雕塑、文具、生活用品等。这些新的发现，对于我们重新认识吐峪沟石窟的营造年代、形制布局、洞窟组合等问题具有不言而喻的重要意义。

英语语境:

The world-known Tuyugou Grottoes has lost its former splendor due to over a thousand years' ruin caused by nature and human beings. In order to contribute to the preservation project on the Silk Road’s application for being inscribed into UNESCO World Cultural Heritage List, the second excavation of Tuyugou Grottoes site was commenced in 2010 and many unexpected and incredible discoveries were found. The newly unearthed relics include a pair of well-preserved central pillars decorated by beautiful murals, many essential pre-grottoes relics, a great number of manuscript fragments written in various languages, as well as silk paintings, wooden articles, flint tools, pottery sculptures, stationaries and other daily necessities. These new discoveries are of self-evident significance to the renewed recognition of many issues concerning the year of origin for Tuyugou Grottoes, its form and layout, and combination of caves.