术语“辖”的详细信息

英译术语:

Xia (axle-pin)

汉语语境:

近年来随着田野考古资料的日益丰富，学术界关于我国古代车制与车马器的专题研究方兴未艾，成果琳琅满目。目前学者们对常见车马器诸如軎、辖、毂、銮、轭、衡、镳、镝衔、当卢、马冠等的定名与用途基本达成共识，但对有些发现数量较少的车马器仍然存在歧见或并未识别出来。有鉴于此，研究商周时期三类形制比较特殊的御马器，并与欧亚草原和近东地区发现的同类器作简要比较，或将有助于加深考古工作者对它们的认识。

英语语境:

In recent years, with the abundance of field archaeological data, researches about ancient Chinese carriages and horse-controlling devices are still in the ascendant and the scholars have made great achievements. At present, in terms of such common horse-driving vehicles as Wei (the endpiece of axle), Xia (axle-pin), Gu (hub), Luan (small tinkling bell), E (yoke), Heng (shaft crossbar), Biao (curb chain), Dixian (prick-led mouthpiece), Danglu (ornaments of bridle), Maguan (horse mask), etc., researchers have basically reached consensus on their names and functions; however, there are still some divergences among them when it comes to the rare unearthed horse-driving vehicles. Therefore, observation on three kinds of horse-controlling devices in special shapes emerged in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties and a comparative study on them with their counterparts found in the Eurasia Steppes and Near East are conducted, which might deepen the archaeologists'knowledge of the devices.

英译术语:

linchpin

汉语语境:

2002～2003年，考古工作者在东周王城内的东部进行了考古发掘，共清理东周墓近200座、陪葬坑16座，M37便是其中的一座。该墓为长方形竖穴土坑中型墓，葬具两椁一棺。随葬器物有鼎、豆、壶、盘、匜、舟等铜礼器，剑、刀、戈、镞、鐏等铜兵器，（车口）辖、衔、铃等车马器，以及环、龙形饰、凤鸟形饰、蝉、兽面形饰等玉器。

英语语境:

From 2002 to 2003, archeologists carried out an excavation on the east of the capital city of Eastern Zhou. Besides the tomb M37, nearly 200 tombs and 16 accompanying pits of Eastern Zhou were found. Tomb M37 is a medium-sized rectangular vertical earth-pit tomb with two outer coffins and an inner coffin in it. The funeral objects include ritual vessels such as Ding (tripot), Dou (container for holding meat, bean sauce and others), pot, plate, Yi (elliptical ewer for washing), and Zhou (boat-shaped vessel); weapons such as sword, blade, dagger-axe, arrowhead, and Zun (the cone-shaped bronze butt-end of a spear); chariot-and-horse fittings such as linchpin, bridle, and bell; jade ornaments such as roundel, dragon-shaped decoration, phoenix-shaped decoration, cicada-shaped ornament and beast-face accouterment.