术语“衔”的详细信息

英译术语:

curb bit

汉语语境:

马衔从制作原料上可以分为金属和有机质两种。金属一般包括青铜和铁两种成分，有机质很有可能包括皮带、绳子等原料，但由于这些材料不易保存，在考古发现中很难发现这样的遗存，只能大概的推测其原料。早期的马衔可能都是有机质马衔，因此由于材料所限，考古学家无法确定马衔最早的使用年代。金属马衔出现的较晚，两端带环的一节式青铜马衔在公元前1600-前1400年出现在美索不达米亚和埃及，两节式青铜马衔则在公元前1500年前后在美索不达米亚开始使用。

英语语境:

In terms of its manufacture raw material, the curb bit can be divided into two types: one type is made of metallic materials which contains elements of bronze and iron; the other type is organic matter which may include such raw materials as leather belt and ropes, etc., and because these materials are hard to keep, it is rare to excavate such kind of curb bit, and the archaeologists merely infer what kind of raw materials it is. The early curb bits may be made of organic matter, but due to limitations of evidence, archaeologists are still not sure when the curb bit first appeared. On the other hand, the metallic bridle appeared relatively late: the bronze bridle with two rings at its two ends first appeared in Mesopotamia and Egypt between 1600 B. C. and 1400 B. C., while the bronze bridle with one joint in the middle came into being around 1500 B. C. in Mesopotamia.