术语“悬山顶”的详细信息

英译术语:

Xuanshan roof (a saddle roof with slight overhangs)

汉语语境:

依据墓葬纪年和石椁、石棺、石棺床的形制差别，隋唐石质葬具可分为三个时期。早期，石质葬具种类延续北朝风格，悬山顶逐渐被庑殿顶取代，歇山顶、硬山顶、拱顶类石棺椁与庑殿顶类并存。使用石棺床的墓主等级同使用石椁的墓主等级相当。中期，石棺和石棺床的使用减少，集中出现使用庑殿顶石椁的双室砖墓。皇帝或权势人物为体现其特权对先前非正常死亡的亲属进行大肆改葬。晚期，使用石质葬具的墓主身份出现多样化，虽然墓主等级总体上在三品以上，但此时的石质葬具逐渐不再具有等级象征。

英语语境:

Based on annals of ancient tombs and shape differences among stone outer coffins, kistvaens, and sarcophagus beds, the development of sarcophaguses in Sui and Tang dynasties can be divided into three stages. In early stage, the features of the sarcophaguses were still continuation of those in North Dynasties. Xuan Shan Roofs were gradually taken over by Wu Dian Roofs; Xie Shan roofs, Ying Shan roofs, Arch-roofs and Wu Dian Roofs coexisted in the construction of kistvaens; the owners who were buried with sarcophagus beds were in the same class as those who used stone outer coffins. In medium stage, the use of kistvaens and sarcophagus beds were cut down while the double-chamber brick tomb with stone outer coffins of Wu Dian roofs became very popular. The emperors and the ones who had power and influence made changes in the funeral custom of their irregular dead relatives to embody their privilege. In late stage, the identities of the owners of the tombs with sarcophaguses became more diversified. Though the sarcophaguses mostly appeared in the tombs of the third class and higher officers, it was no longer as a symbol of rank system.

英译术语:

overhanging mountain roof

汉语语境:

代县位于山西东北部，雁门关下，属忻州市。全县辖6镇5乡，是一座拥有深厚文化底蕴的古城，其文物资源丰富，古戏台数量众多。相比较晋南地区形制繁复的古戏台，代县古戏台的建筑形制都相对简单，没有复杂华丽的装饰。这些戏台斗拱较少、没有藻井等结构，基本以硬山顶和悬山顶居多，有的戏台屋顶是组合式，例如前坡歇山，后坡硬山。这样做的原因是，一是外表美观，另一方面可以节省用料，这对于经济水平不太发达的地区是一种比较实惠的做法。

英语语境:

Daixian is next to Yanmenguan in Xinzhou City, northeast Shanxi province and has 11 townships (including 6 towns and 5 countries), which is famous for its ancient history and culture with large varieties of culture relics, especially the number of ancient stages. Compared to the complexity of the ancient stages in the south of Shanxi, the construction forms of ancient stages in Daixian are relatively simple: they are not lavishly adorned; there are fewer archy architectures and no caisson ceiling; most of the stages are built with gabbled roofs or overhanging mountain roofs and some of them adopt a mixed style, for example, the roofs on the sunny side adopt gable and hip roofs while the roofs in the shade choose flush gable roofs. The reasons are that for one thing, it has a fine exterior; for another, it could cut down expenditures, which is an appealing and practical architecture model for the less developed area to follow.