术语“钺”的详细信息

英译术语:

Yue (broad-axe)

汉语语境:

从新石器时代到青铜时代，钺文化广泛地存在着。对于钺的用途，考古学界和历史学界都存在着不同的看法。考古学者通过对目前发现的大量考古材料的研究分析认为，钺可分为石钺、玉钺和青铜钺三种类型。它们的用途各有不同：石钺没有作为生产工具的痕迹；玉钺具有礼法、陪葬的作用；青铜钺作为兵器、刑具，具有军事权力的象征意义。

英语语境:

Yue (broad-axe) culture extensively existed from the New Stone Age to the Bronze Age. Archaeologists and historians hold different views on the uses of Yue. Based on analyses of a great deal of archaeological materials, archeologists point out that Yue consists of stone Yue, jade Yue and bronze Yue with different uses. Stone Yue was not used as a tool of production; jade Yue was used as funerary objects and bronze Yue was used as weapons and instruments of torture, symbolizing military power.

英译术语:

yue-battle axes

汉语语境:

张家港市东山村遗址的M90墓葬是长方形竖穴土坑墓，墓内出土陶器、玉器和石器等随葬器物共65件，是出土随葬品最多的崧泽文化墓葬。其年代约为距今5800年，即崧泽文化早期偏早阶段。以M90为代表的高等级大墓将以石钺和石锛为代表的军权或王权出现的时间从崧泽文化中晚期提早到早期；墓葬分区等则将普遍认为的史前社会重大转型提早了至少约300年。

英语语境:

The tomb M90 at Dongshancun Site in Zhangjiagang City is a vertical earthen shaft pit tomb in rectangular plan, from which 65 pieces or sets of grave goods were unearthed, including potteries, jades and stone implements, making this tomb yield the most artifacts in the burials of Songze Culture excavated to date. The date of this tomb is about 5800 BP (Before Present), or the earlier stage of the early phase of Songze Culture. The high-ranking large burials represented by M90 moved up the emergence date of the military or royal powers represented by stone yue-battle axes and stone adzes from the middle and late phases of Songze Culture to the early phase; the important phenomena such as the separate arrangements of burials of different ranks advanced the date of the major transformation of the prehistoric society, which had been widely accepted by the academic field for at least 300 years.

英译术语:

poleaxe

汉语语境:

安阳殷墓青铜武器的组合有12种，其中，在各种组合中铜戈是最常见的一种武器。由于墓主生前身份的不同，随葬武器的种类、数量和质量等有明显差别。高级武将拥有钺、戈、矛、镞，有时亦配备有剑，数量从几十件至上百件不等，其中钺和剑是指挥地位的象征。

英语语境:

There are 12 combinations of bronze weapons in Yin tombs at Anyang, with Ge (dagger-axes) as the most frequently seen key objects. Among the tombs with bronze weapons, as the tomb-owners varied in status before their death, their funeral weapons bear distinct differences in type, number and quality. High-ranking officers possessed poleaxes, Ge, spears and arrowheads, with swords added in some cases. In addition, the number of funeral weapons ranged from dozens to hundreds, and poleaxes and swords were the symbols of commandership.