术语“地主”的详细信息

英译术语:

landlord

汉语语境:

佃农为地主而劳动，其性质类似于雇农，所获报酬也与雇农工资相当，这一成说使经济解释与历史认识陷入误区。实际上，近世中国佃农已经具有较大的独立生产性质，通过人格化与市场化的渠道将家庭的、地主的、市场的不同生产要素组合起来创造财富，形成多样化的农场形态。佃农支配剩余索取权，在不确定性中获取企业家才能报酬与风险收益，其对土地与农场投入的未来收益可以通过交易变现。凡此种种，雇农都与之无缘。地权交易与租佃制度之下生产要素流转、选择与配置所推动的经济效率和土地产出，是佃农经营与小农经济活力的重要源泉。

英语语境:

There has been an accepted theory making the economic and historical misunderstanding that the nature and income of tenants were similar to the farmhand, both of them working for the landlord. Actually, the tenant household had become independent farms to create wealth by assembling production factors from his own household, outside landlord and market through personal and impersonal transaction. Under the uncertainty of the farm, tenants got the residual claim, entrepreneurial reward and risk revenue.The future reward of their investment in the land and farm could be realizable value by transactions of property right.All of them, comparatively, were kept away from the farmhands. The allocation of production factors promoted efficient economy and productive land by transaction of property rights and rent institution.It is a key to understanding the energy of tenant farm and small peasant economy in traditional China.