术语“五刑”的详细信息

英译术语:

the five chief forms of criminal punishment

汉语语境:

在传统的五刑制中，流刑处于降死一等的重刑地位。但从司法实践来看，隋唐以来，流刑惩治力度不足的问题一直很突出，宋、金、元等朝代均采取了不同的调整措施。至明初洪武朝，传统流刑已经基本废而不用。

英语语境:

Within the traditional system of the five chief forms of criminal punishment in ancient China, banishment was a severe sentence second only to the death sentence. In practice, however, banishment had not been effectively implemented since the Sui and Tang dynasties. In the Song, Jin and Yuan dynasties, adjustments were made, and by the reign of Emperor Hongwu of the early period of Ming dynasty the system of banishment had been all but abolished.

英译术语:

Five Penalty System

汉语语境:

宋初“折杖法”的施行,使封建五刑中的笞、杖、流刑设而不用,只剩下死刑、杖刑(包括脊杖和臀杖)和徒刑,徒刑的适用面也极窄,刑罚体系因此轻重失衡。

英语语境:

After the execution of "The Law of Chaning Into Stick" at the beginning of Song Dynasty, the penalty of cane, stick and banishment were kept but not used. Among the "Five Penalty System", only the penalty of death , stick (beat on back and on buttocks) and imprisonment remained in use. But, the penalty of imprisonment was used narrowly. The system of penalty of Song Dynasty lost its balance.