术语“知识分子”的详细信息

英译术语:

intelligentsia

汉语语境:

1956年前后，中共党内高层对知识分子问题的认识和政策经历了一个复杂曲折的过程。党内以周恩来为代表的高层对知识分子的认识和政策不能为毛泽东所完全认同。毛泽东基于他的知识分子的“皮毛论”观点，注重从世界观上根本改造知识分子，倾向于培养无产阶级自己的知识分子。周恩来注重从知识分子的功能和国家建设的需要来看待和改造知识分子。“皮毛论”观点具有历史局限性，且易为现实所利用和扭曲。现代社会应大力提倡知识分子具有更多的公共性，同时尊重他们的相对独立性。

英语语境:

Around 1956, the views and policies towards intelligentsia among the high-level leaders in Chinese Communist Party(CCP) had been gone through a complicated process. Mao cannot completely agree with those views and policies made by the high-level CCP leaders represented by Zhou Enlai. On the one hand, based on Mao's "Epidermis Hair Thought" on intelligentsia, he emphasized the fundamental converting of their world outlook, and the training for the proletarian intelligentsia. On the other hand, Zhou suggested to treat and convert intelligentsia considering their utility and potential contribution to the national development. "Epidermis Hair Thought" has its historical limitation, and easily been distorted and used under practical circumstances. Modern society needs to call for the public character of intelligentsia and meanwhile respect their relative independence.

英译术语:

intellectuals

汉语语境:

在传统社会,人文知识分子享有崇高的社会地位,但工业社会以后,科学技术从业者走向了前台,人文知识分子被边缘化了。人文知识分子的边缘化一则由于其不适应工业社会的“成本—收益”逻辑,二则由于其知识过于主观。现代传媒的出现扩大了人文知识分子的影响,并使其获得了某种独立,但这是以委身于市场为代价的。

英语语境:

In traditional society, intellectuals ranked a high social status, but when it turns to modern society, intellectuals drops out from the spotlight, scientists and engineers have taken his place. As intellectuals are not suitable for the "Costs-revenue" logic in modern society and his knowledge is too subjective. The emergence of modern media has expanded the influence of intellectuals, to some extent intellectuals get some independence, but at the same time they are disposed by the markets and become them.