术语“反省”的详细信息

英译术语:

retrospection

汉语语境:

二战后德国人直面历史，勇于承担历史罪责，自觉反省历史，利用一切机会向受害国人民认罪，并以实际行动清算过去，赢得了过去受害国政府和人民的谅解和信任。究其根源是因为德意志民族文化中的深厚的理性的传统。秉承于罗马帝国的文化与传统使德意志人养成了思考的世界性的前提和空间；德意志民族国家的难产也意味着由于没有政治和文化霸权，德意志人的思考也是更少桎梏，而充分享受自由，养成崇尚思考和思辨的特性；而德意志民族国家的形成与发展的过程中的起落的历程，充分显现德意志这样一个具有文化理性传统的民族对历史所具有的反省能力。

英语语境:

After the Second World War, Germans began to face the history, retrospect the history, shoulder the guilt of the war, confess the crime to all victims in every possible occasion, and review the past, all of which have won the forgiveness and trust of the victims.The retrospection is deeply rooted in the traditional ration of German culture.The inheritance of Roman culture and tradition formed the premise and space for Germans.The failure of a German nation is due to the lack of political and cultural hegemony.Meanwhile, Germans enjoy the freedom of thinking and speculation.The history and ups-and-downs of Germany have well revealed the ability of retrospection of Germans.

英译术语:

reflection (Locke)

汉语语境:

“近代中国的民族反省”,是指近代中国人对本民族的不足——特别是民族心理、民族精神之缺失的批判性的自我体认。大体说来,近代民族反省经历了对器物、制度与文化根本之不足进行反省的三个阶段。从国民性批判及民族精神反思的意义上说,近代民族反省则经历了鸦片战争之后启蒙的发轫、甲午战争之后国民性反思浪潮的涌起与五四时期国民性批判达到高潮这样三个阶段。自省、旁观、比较成为近代民族反省尤其是国民性批判的三重视野。针砭劣根性、解剖病源、构建民族精神即新国民性,是近代民族反省思潮重点关注的三个问题。

英语语境:

In a broad sense, the national reflection had experienced three stages, that is, from a sense of implemental deficiency to one of institutional deficiency, and then to one of cultural deficiency. And if viewed from its focuses on criticism of national characters and national spirits, the national reflection had also experienced three stages, i. e. from the initial stage of enlightment after the Opium War to the formal reflection of national characters after the 1894 war between China and Japan, and then to the national climax of reflection in the May Fourth Movement. Self-reflection, onlooking and comparison constitute three fields of vision for the modern national reflection, whose three focuses were harsh criticism of deep-rooted bad habits, definite diagnosis of their causes, and how to reconstruct new national characters with the cultural traditions home and abroad, including the outstanding national spirits. Thus, there was recognition of outstanding national spirits as well as criticism of the morbid national characters in modern thoughts.