术语“教区”的详细信息

英译术语:

parish

汉语语境:

英国在近代早期出现了历史上最严重的流民问题，政府为此颁布了一系列的法令法规，确立了济贫原则，这些原则在 1 7世纪和 1 8世纪英国的济贫工作中仍发挥着重要作用。英国政府在实践过程中注意倾听反对意见，不断进行调整，使立法趋于完善，经过一个多世纪的实践，当它完全不能适应社会发展的需要时，遂进行了彻底改革。这一时期教区及其官员在英国社会救济工作中扮演着十分重要的角色，由于权力过分集中也出现了腐败问题。随着时代的发展，教区作为济贫体制中的主要管理单位已经不能满足社会发展的需要，改革成为必然。

英语语境:

The problem of vagabonds became most serious in Great Britain in early modern times. The government legislated to deal with the problem. The principles of the Poor Law continued to play a role in the 17 th and the 18 th centuries, while in the meanwhile criticism was listened to and adjustments made to improve the law. Then, parishes and parish officers who played a very important role in poor relief gained great power which gradually corrupted them. Over one century later when the Poor Law was no longer able to meet the requirements of the society and the parish was no longer an adequate administrator in the institutions of poor relief, a thorough reform was called for.