术语“考古学”的详细信息

英译术语:

archaeology

汉语语境:

后过程考古学作为西方考古学的新兴流派受到颇多争议。理解后过程考古学对于我们学习与批评是必不可少的步骤，运用分析考古学观念的方法论框架，从内、外关联，从本体论、认识论与价值论等三个层面上来分析，同时与过程考古学比较，是比较可行的方法。分析与比较显示:后过程考古学立足于后现代社会状况、后现代主义思潮，同时具有后现代科学基础；它秉承唯心主义的本体论，强调人在认识与改造世界中的主体地位，从人文科学的视角重新认识考古学的价值，弥补了高度强调科学的过程考古学的重大不足。它的主要观念可以为当下中国考古学的研究实践所借鉴，有助于中国考古学平衡与可持续的发展。

英语语境:

Post-processual archaeology, as a new development of archaeological paradigm in western archaeology, has been in hot debates since its birth. To Chinese archeology, understanding this paradigm is the necessary step in order to critically assimilate its advantages. To analyze archaeological thoughts, a methodological framework that stresses to analyze their contexts including both the interior and exterior aspects, is presented and used. It also includes analyses in terms of ontology, epistemology and value theory, and it further stresses a comparison with processual archaeology. These analyses and comparison suggest that postprocessual archaeology is founded on the basis of post-modern social conditions, post-modern thoughts as well as post-modern sciences. It is characterized by the ontology of idealism in that humans are the subject embedded in the world, and the world has been understood and remade by humans. This perspective from the humanities helps us to re-evaluate the value of archaeology, and compensate the apparent shortfall of processual archaeology that attempts to be scientific. The major ideas of post-processual archaeology can be borrowed by Chinese archaeology. They will be especially helpful for the balanced and sustainable deve-lop-ment of Chinese archaeology.