术语“联盟”的详细信息

英译术语:

confederacy

汉语语境:

印度各王公一方面为了扩张领地互相敌视、不断征战；另一方面，他们往往与英结盟、借英伐邻。印度王公的利己主义使他们政治上鼠目寸光，很难实现真正的联合抵抗。东印度公司也成功地利用了各王公间的矛盾，分化瓦解，阻止联合，并唆使他们相互厮杀。这在南印地区的马拉塔联盟、迈索尔和海德拉巴之间以及马拉塔联盟内部最为典型。

英语语境:

On the one hand, India princes had mutual hostility and frequent warefares in order to expand the territory. On the other hand, they often allied with the British, attacking their neighbor states. Their political egoism made them cannot see beyond the nose, which made it rather difficult to achieve genuine joint resistance. The East India Company also successfully used the contradictions among Indian princes, disintegrating them, preventing their allying and instigating mutual aggression. In southern India, the most typical example was the one among the Maratha Confederacy, Mysore and Hyderabad, as well as the internal quarrels of the Maratha Confederacy.

英译术语:

federation

汉语语境:

解放联盟之前，地方自治自由主义的发展始终局限于不定期的自治派秘密代表大会、立宪会议和“清议”秘密会议。解放联盟成立后，则开始致力于联合俄国的纷繁复杂又互相影响的自由派。与旧的地方自治自由派不同，解放联盟还具有组织性更强的特点。因此，虽然不能把解放联盟称之为政党，但是不可否认的是：联盟的成立是俄国自由主义发展的重要阶段。尽管“新自由主义”无法摆脱与“旧自由主义”的渊源关系，但是从纲领、章程以及组织构成上看，解放联盟都与传统的地方自治派自由主义有着显著的不同。解放联盟的纲领是：无条件地反对专制制度，承认提出社会经济要求（有利于劳动群众）的必要性。策略是：采取地下斗争方法。

英语语境:

Before the liberation Federation, local autonomous liberalism were confined to secret meeting, constitutionalism and some other meetings. After the foundation, it contributed to unite Russian liberalism. Different form old local autonomous liberalism, the liberation Federation has stronger organization. Therefore, the liberation Federation was not political party but, unenvied: its foundation was important stage of Russia liberalism development. Though New Liberalism couldn't break away from former liberalism, but liberalism federation was different from traditional local autonomous liberalism on creed, constitution and organization. The Liberation Federation’s creed was: opposes autarchy system unconditionally, recognizes the need of economical requirement (in favor or laboring class). The strategy is: taking on underground struggle.

英译术语:

association

汉语语境:

供应链联盟是企业为取得比单独运行更高的经济效益,通过与多个企业结盟,建立的互相信任、共担风险、共享收益的合作关系。它是一种新型的组织形式,是制造经济向信息经济迈进下的产物。但与此同时,也容易暴露联盟内的弊端,问题的关键在于联盟内的信息不对称、个体追求自身利益最大化等,从而增加了联盟内运行的风险,降低联盟内的合作效率。因此在联盟内实现企业的协调与合作是建立长期、稳定的供应链联盟的关键。

英语语境:

The Supply Chain Association is a new type of economic organization, as a production of industrial changing into info era, for obtaining higher efficiency, couples of corporations allied together for risk care and benefit sharing. Moreover, this collaboration makes a better use of other enterprises recourses. However, With the problem of information asymmetry and the selfish of maximizing profit, which will causes many non-effective corporations and will enhance risk in the supply chain association, so reasonable coordination and control is the key to a long-term and stable supply chain association,