术语“俍兵”的详细信息

英译术语:

lang soldiers

汉语语境:

在中国历史上，桂西原是一个边陲社会，明清以来经历了从“化外”到“化内”，从封闭到开放的转变过程。明初政府在桂西实行土司制度，保持了当地少数民族原有的村、峒“自治”传统以及“村老”治理模式。与此同时，土司为了加强社会控制能力，也引进了户籍、黄册与里甲制度。土州县的里甲主要行使赋役征派职能，但编户数目偏少，赋税较轻，而兵役负担较重。广西的俍与“傜僮”的界限是以进入里甲系统为标准的，可见里甲还有族群区分的意义。明清时期，桂西土州县的“俍人”村寨，基本上被编入里甲体系，从而被视同“民村”。清中期，作为基层行政组织的里甲体制基本终结，个别地方则一直延续到民国时期。

英语语境:

In our view, western Guangxi is a border community. Because of the border policy changes from Late imperial, the local community has experienced the changing process that from the “thrust“ into the “inside“ and from a closed to an open. Early Ming Dynast, government implemented Chieftain System, intended to rule the suburban areas indirectly. On the one hand, Chieftain region maintained the “autonomy“　tradition of village、cave and ＂cun lao“ governance system; on the other hand, basic-level Chieftain had been introduced Residence、Yellow Book and Lijia systems. Tax-collection was the Lane A of County Soil'main function which was same as the mainland, but the number of the household of Lijia is on the low small, lighter on tax burdens while heavier on military service. Lijia was also meaningful to distinguish between ethnic groups. Whether nor entering the Lijia system was the standard of the limitation between“ Sexual offender“ and “Yao zhuang“ of Guangxi. In Late imperial, the village of “sexual offender“ County Soil in West Guangxi, was basically compiled into Lijia system, which was regarded as a “village people“. Lijia is the way that western Guangxi went into the areas of the country. In middle period of the Qing Dynasty, as a basic organization, Lijia system had ended, the individual then has been extended to the Republic.