术语“买卖婚”的详细信息

英译术语:

marriage by purchase

汉语语境:

典雇妻女作为中国古代特有的婚姻现象，自元朝起被纳入法律禁止的范围。它作为买卖婚(卖妻)的一种变体，伴随着典权制度的萌芽而萌芽。一方面，它和卖妻行为相比，带有更强的买卖婚属性，女性的生殖力得到了最大程度的利用。另一方面，它又作为一配多偶的一种形态，和另一种一配多偶的形态——官方认可的一夫一妻多妾制——并存。在一些男多女少两性比例失衡悬殊的省份，一妻多夫成了社会底层人民(男性)的一种无奈选择。

英语语境:

As a unique marital phenomenon in Chinese history, pawning and hiring wife has been forbidden by law since Yuan dynasty. Being a modification to marriage by purchase, it originated together with the spring-up of pawning right system. On one hand, it bears a greater attribute of economy than sale of marriage for the fertility has been used to the greatest advantage. On the other hand, as a pattern of polygamy it coexists with another pattern of polygamy, i.e. the system of one husband one wife and many concubines, which was recognized by the government. In those provinces of a remarkable proportional difference between the male and female, the lowest class of society (male) had no choice but polyandry.

英译术语:

mercenary marriage

汉语语境:

财婚,是把金钱财物作为缔结婚姻的必要条件,它同买卖婚既有联系又有区别,它具有合法性。门第婚,是把门第高低作为结成婚姻的主要标准的婚姻类型,在魏晋南北朝时流行,在唐初也风行一阵,但在唐中后期逐渐衰落。才婚,隋唐以前应该是指多方面的才能,到了唐代,“才”则往往多指文学之士,指的是男方所拥有的才气,这主要是科举取士的影响。政治婚姻,是把婚姻作为达到政治目的手段的婚姻,这自然主要实行于官僚阶层,而且种类繁多。可以看出,一定时代的婚姻理念和婚姻制度勾画、限定了本时期的婚姻类型,婚姻类型则充分体现了特定时期婚姻制度的内容。

英语语境:

Marriage grounded on money takes money as the necessary of marriage, and it has similarities and differences with mercenary marriage, which is legitimate; marriage grounded on family status takes status as the criterion of getting married, which is popular in Wei-Jin North-South Dynasty and the early period of Tang Dynasty, but it declines in the middle and later period of Tang Dynasty; in the marriage grounded on talent, talent means all kinds of abilities before the Sui Dynasty, while in Tang Dynasty, it mainly refers to literator who is good at literature, which is influenced by the imperial examination system. Political marriage is a type of marriage to take marriage as a means to achieve certain political purpose, mainly existing in bureaucratic class with various types.