术语“氏族制度”的详细信息

英译术语:

clan system

汉语语境:

恩格斯的经典著作《家庭、私有制和国家的起源》奠定了马克思主义国家理论的基础，具有重大的历史意义。在论述国家起源的问题时，恩格斯用了很多的笔墨来阐述氏族社会经历的一系列的演变，细致地描述了国家对氏族制度的批判性的继承。在马克思主义国家理论中，氏族在国家的形成中扮演着中介和母体的作用，并且氏族的特征也在的国家身上留下了烙印，现代国家在地域、管理体制、领导产生制度、地区关系处理上都能找到氏族社会的影子。探讨现代国家建构问题可以回到氏族这样的一个起点上来，这样的研究也将是大有裨益的。

英语语境:

Engels'classic “The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State ” made a foundation for Marxist theory of state． When Engels discussed the origin of a state, he illustrated a series of changes of the development of clans and described in detail their taking, though critically, of state to clan system． According to Marxist theory of state, clans played a parental role in the process of developing a state． The characteristics of clans also print in many domains of state system, such as territory, administration, leadership, relationship with the neighborhood． Therefore, it is of great significance to discuss clans when it comes to the issue of modern state．

英译术语:

gentile institution

汉语语境:

“在氏族制度下,民族尚未兴起”,摩尔根的这句话,中国学术界十分熟悉,它经常被引用,被认作是摩尔根论及“民族”与“氏族”关系的一个重要观点。由于它和摩尔根在这个方面的总体思想是相冲突的,因此,它又引起过疑问,引起过争论。但是,通过核对《古代社会》1877年版的原文,本文发现,这句话居然是一句衍文,是《古代社会》译者所做的一句多余而错误的解释。

英语语境:

"A nation does not arise under gentile institutions. ” This sentence written by Morgan is familiar by Chinese scholars. It is frequently quoted as an important argument of Morgan on the relation between the nation and thegentes. Since it is inconsistent to Morgan’ s theory, it had brought in many questions and arguments. However, throughchecking the original texts of Ancient Society which printed in 1 877, the author surprisingly found that this sentence is afalse one. The translator of Ancient Society made this redundant and false interpretation.