术语“水利社会”的详细信息

英译术语:

hydraulic society

汉语语境:

清至民国时期山西水利社会中的水权交易行为相当普遍且类型多样，这不仅是水资源紧缺状态下山西民众智慧的结晶，也是调解水资源时空配置不均，提高水资源利用效率的一种特有方式。现存水利契约和碑刻资料显示，以水的使用权归公还是归私作为划分公私水的评判标准，可将清至民国山西水利社会中的水权交易行为划分为公水交易与私水交易两大类型，并将公水交易区分为公水私卖与公水公卖两个亚类，将私水交易区分为地水结合与地水分离两个亚类。这一时段内，在保证国家赋税征收的前提下，山西水利社会存在着从“以土地为中心“到“以水为中心“转变的可能与趋势。

英语语境:

From the Qing dynasty to the Nationalist period, water rights transactions in Shanxi Province's hydraulic society were popular and occurred in a great variety of ways.This not only reflected the crystallized wisdom of Shanxi's people in the face of constrained water supplies, it was also a special method of improving efficiency and adjusting to the uneven temporal and spatial distribution of water resources.Based on extant water deeds and tablets, we can divide the water rights deals into two basic categories based on who owned the rights:public water rights deals and private water rights deals.We can also divide the water deal zones into two sub-categories:private sale of public water and public sale of public water.Further, private water deals can be divided into two sub-categories;those that combine land and water, and those that separate land and water.During the period of this article's research, under the premise of guaranteeing national tax collections, the hydraulic society of Shanxi Province showed the possibility of and trend towards changing from a “ land-centered“ to a “ water-centered“ society.