术语“鉴别性特征”的详细信息

英译术语:

distinctive feature

汉语语境:

比较了JFH及SPE为代表的两类区别特征系统，指出定义方式的差异是根本差异，差异的根源是两种截然不同的语言观。前者的结构功能语言观把语言看成实现各种功能的符号系统，其本质是行为的、功能的，这决定了它从言语行为的结果特征的声学实现来概括和抽象特征。后者的生成语言观把语言看作存在于认知层面的知识表征，其本质是心智的、形式的，这决定了它从语言能力角度——特征的发音实现来定义特征。

英语语境:

By comparing the JFH and SPE distinctive feature systems, this article points out that the fundamental difference between them is the way by which distinctive features are defined. Such difference should be attributed to two completely different language views. The former assumes a structural-functional view and regards language as a symbolic system for fulfilling various functions. Hence, its behavioral and functional nature determines that distinctive features be generalized and abstracted from the result of speech performance-the acoustic correlates of distinctive features. The latter assumes a generative view and regards language as knowledge specification in cognition. Its mental and formal nature makes it define distinctive features from the perspective of language competence-the articulatory correlates of distinctive features.