术语“讲友”的详细信息

英译术语:

Jiangyou

汉语语境:

清末新政初期，袁世凯、刘坤一、张之洞奏请政府设立京师仕学院，期待此举落实“借材异国“策略的示范作用，藉此为速行新政提供及时、直接的蓝本与改革经验的借鉴。然因观念、政局等影响，仕学院“借才“方式与“课官“范围被迫几度调整，反映出“借材异国“襄助新政的困难与不确定性，而报刊舆论与朝中政情于此颇有隔膜。仕学院“讲友“的名目，本为趋避袁世凯密奏政务处聘请外国人为“顾问“之锋芒，避免枢廷干预而提出的变通办法，尔后却为仕学院“译书洋员”取代。

英语语境:

At the early stage of the reform in the late Qing dynasty(1901-1911), Yuan Shikai, Liu Kunyi and Zhang Zhidong put forward a proposal to establish a capital officials college‘Jingshi Shixueyuan', which was an embodiment of their strategy for the employment of foreign advisers, in order to provide blueprints and experience for the reform. Affected by traditional idea and political situation, the plan of foreigner employment and check ing officials was modified for several times.It was difficult and uncertain for the planners to put their strategy into practice, because public opinion had no knowledge of that. The title of foreign adviser, ‘Jiangyou'(a member of discussion group), which was created for substituting‘Zhengwuchu Guwen', a consultant of the Government Affairs Supervision Bureau, to avoid intervention of superiors, was soon replaced by ‘Yishuyangyuan'(translator).