术语“科层制”的详细信息

英译术语:

bureaucracy

汉语语境:

纵观人类社会政治发展的历史，科层制几乎是任何类型的国家都必须依重的国家政治统治与社会治理体制。从君主专制的古代国家到现代社会的民主政治国家，从奴隶制国家、封建国家再到资本主义国家和社会主义国家，恐怕没有任何一种政治国家能够离开某种类型的科层制的运作而正常维护其统治。

英语语境:

If we scan the developing history of human society, we can see there is not any kind of state that can keep its political rules and social governing without bureaucracy. From the ancient absolute monarchies to modern democratic states, from slavery states, feudalism states to capitalist states and socialist states, I'm afraid there is not any political state that can keep its ruling without any kind of bureaucracy.