术语“蓝笔”的详细信息

英译术语:

blue pen in Qing imperial examination

汉语语境:

明清乡试、会试时，为防止作弊，考生、考官等要用不同颜色的笔，以明责任。考生用墨笔答卷，称墨卷。墨卷须用朱笔誊写成“硃卷”送考官评阅，故正副主考疲倦时亦用墨笔。同考官、内收掌及书吏用蓝笔。乾隆三十六年（公元1771年），因皇太后万寿恩科改为紫笔，乾隆四十三年（公元1778年）复用蓝笔。

英语语境:

In order to prevent cheating in Ming and Qing imperial examination, candidates, examiners, etc. would use a different color of pen to clear responsibilities. Candidates use the black ink to answer questions on paper. Then it must be transcribed in red ink as "ZhuJuan" to send examiners to review with ink pen. Other examiners and officials use the blue pen in the imperial examination. In Qianlong thirty-six years (AD 1771), it was changed to purple because of the birthday celebration of Empress Dowager. In Qianlong forty-three years (AD 1778), the blue pen was reused in the imperial examination.