术语“至圣先师”的详细信息

英译术语:

Zhi Sheng Xian Shi (the posthumous name of Confucius)

汉语语境:

哀公作诔，称孔子为尼父。尼父是否为谥，历来歧见纷纭。自平帝时追赠褒成宣尼公后，孔子之谥，递有演变。北魏时称文圣尼父，唐时尊为宣父、文宣王，宋时则为玄圣文宣王、至圣文宣王，元武宗时至圣前又加大成，明嘉靖后止称至圣先师。其封爵代有不同，或称公，或称王，宋真宗时欲追加帝号未遂，其后儒生议此者甚多，至嘉靖定祀典，夺王爵而称先师。其谥号演变既受议谥规律所限，又与儒学发展及帝王崇抑纠葛在一起。

英语语境:

Ni Fu, the tiltle of Confucius appeared in Lu Aikong's Eulogy speech. Whether it is a posthumous title, there is no concensus on it. Since Confucius was given the posthumous title of Bao Cheng Xuan Ni Gong from Han Ping Di, he was continuously canonized as Wen Sheng Ni Fu, Xuan Fu, Wen Xuan Wang, Xuan Sheng Wen Xuan Wang, Zhi Sheng Wen Xuan Wang, Da Cheng Zhi Sheng Wen Xuan Wang, Zhi Sheng Xian Shi, etc. On one occasion, Song Zhen Zong wanted to add an imperial tiltle to Confucius, but failed to put into practice. After that, Confucian scholars often talked about it. Through the reform of Ming Shi Zong on sacrificial ceremonies, Wang was taken away from Confucius's peerage, only Zhi Sheng Xian Shi (the greatest sage and teacher) was kept. The change of Confucius's posthumous titles was due to the regulation on conferring posthumous titles, mingled with the development of Confucianism and advocation and suppression of the emperor.