术语“座主”的详细信息

英译术语:

official in charge of imperial examination

汉语语境:

唐代“座主”一词大概最先在开元初出现在吏部铨选中，指代掌铨衡的主司，天宝初“座主”与知贡举者联系在一起，才逐渐产生了座主门生的观念，经过大历间的发展，最终在建中以后形成了较为普遍的社会观念。中晚唐五代每年科举发榜后，新及第举人便通过参加谢恩座主、参谒宰相、集期、关宴、慈恩塔题名等一系列活动，逐步增强了座主与门生以及同年之间的关系，甚至“遂为朋党标目”。

英语语境:

In the Kaiyuan period of the Tang dynasty, perhaps the term of “Zuozhu” (official in charge of imperial examination) appears in the Ministry of Official Personnel Affairs for selecting officials. At the beginning of Tianbao period, “Zuozhu” is related to “Zhigongju” (ministers specially appointed to take charge of the examination of the Ministry of Rites ) and the idea of “Zuozhu” and “Mensheng” (pupils attending imperial examination ) comes into being, which is accepted by people during Dali period, and finally becomes the common social idea in Jianzhong period. During the mid and later Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, every year after imperial examination, those who pass the examination would thank “Zuozhu” for his favor, pay their respects to prime minister, enjoy the time and sign their names in the tower of ci'en and so on. By this way, the relationship between “Zuozhu”, ”Mensheng” and “Tongnian” (those who pass imperial examination in the same year ) is enhanced. And they even organize together as a faction.