术语“普通最小平方法”的详细信息

英译术语:

ordinary least square (OLS)

汉语语境:

对于进行定量分析的管理学研究者来说，普通最小平方(OLS)表达式已经成为一种进行大范围经验性问题分析的熟悉的可信赖的工具(Western，1995)。但是运用最小二乘法的条件比较高，如线性回归模型要求满足同方差性、随机误差间两两不相关等条件，当需要进行回归系数的显著性推断时，通常还要假设残差服从正态分布。在实际问题中，完全满足这些基本假设的情况并不多见，然而一旦违背了某一项基本假设，那么在应用时就难以得到无偏的、有效的参数估计量。

英语语境:

For quantitative analysis, management science researchers, ordinary least squares (OLS) expression has become a tool for large-scale empirical analysis of the familiar problem trusted (Western, 1995). However, the conditions of use of the least squares method is relatively high, such as linear regression models required to meet homoskedasticity, between any two uncorrelated random error conditions. When the need for significant regression coefficients deduced, it is usually assumed that the residuals are also normal distribution. In practical problems, to fully meet these basic assumptions of situation is rare, but once a violation of a fundamental assumption, then the application will be difficult to get unbiased, valid parameter estimators.